5/7医学集训一班英语周测

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一、阅读理解 Passage 1 Life in the twentieth century demands preparation. Today, all individuals in a country must have adequate schooling to prepare them for their work as well as for their responsibilities as citizens. With this in mind, national leaders everywhere are placing more emphasis on the education of the young. In the United States, government officials, parents, and teachers are working hard to give the children—tomorrow’s decision makers—the best preparation available. There is no national school policy in the United States. Each of the fifty states makes its own rules and regulations for its schools, but there are many similarities among the fifty school systems. Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states, the children are required to attend school until they reach the age of sixteen. When they become six years old, children begin elementary school. After six years in elementary school, they go into junior high school and remain there for three years. The last three years of their public school education are spent in senior high school, from which they graduate at the age of eighteen. A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universities in the country. After four years, they receive a Bachelor’s degree. Some continue studying for a Master’s degree and perhaps a Doctor’s degree.

Passage 2 The sense of sound is one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us. Sound has a wasted product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better. Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is a threat that should be looked at carefully. There is a saying that it is so noisy that you can’t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don’t, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. Noise adds more tension to society that already faces enough stress. But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise that the government stopped chariots from moving through the streets at night! Ways of making less noise are now being tested. There are even laws controlling noise. We cannot return to the “good old days” of peace and quiet. But we can reduce noise—if we shout loudly enough about it.

Passage 3 Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to deal with it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem—how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs and fridges as well. The system works so well that no commonly used fuel is needed to make the campus’s six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings, theatres and offices as well as classrooms, are more than amply heated by people and lights, and they sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing is called“heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University’s system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and reuse it in others. Along the way Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger the student is, the more heat he produces. It can be concluded that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working, over-weight male genius.

Passage 4 In Washington D.C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States. Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. At this time, the city of Washington itself was being built. It was to be the nation’s new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L′Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L′Enfant then planned the city. The president’s home was an important part of the plan. A contest was held to pick a design for the president’s home. An architect named James Hoban won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone. President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife Mrs. Adams did not really like her new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm. In 1812, the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814, the British invaded Washington. They burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace. After the war, James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president’s home. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House. The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.

二、完形填空Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity: walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. Those who have a passion 21 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 22 with astonishment. Why are men and women 23 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 24 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 25 which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules. There are, of course, 26 of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 27, but it is this freedom from man-made rules 28 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own 29. If we 30 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 31 mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, “no matches” 32 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 33, obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 34 that are stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 35 qualities. A mountain climber 36 to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions 37 in their early twenties. But it is not 38 for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more 39 than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less 40 of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

三、判断正误As we all know, all living things have to eat food. For a man, a tiger,a fish, a bird, or even a worm, food is necessary. Generally speaking, all living things are sure to die without food. In every part of the world, many different kinds of animals share living places and live in communities(群落) together. They are connected in a food chain. Within a food chain, some living things are producers and some are consumers. Plants are producers because they use sunlight, soil and other things to make their own food. Animals are consumers because they have to eat other animals or plants. There are four different kinds of consumers in the animal kingdom. A carnivore is an animal that only eats other animals. An herbivore is an animal that only eats plants. An omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals. A scavenger is an animal that eats dead animals. Look at the picture. It is an example of a food chain. The food chain shows the order that animals eat each other in a community. In the picture, you can see what animal or plant is food for another animal. See? A leaf is food for a grasshopper, which then becomes food for a hungry mouse. The mouse is food for a snake. The snake is eaten by an eagle. In this way, all of these animals are connected.

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