I. Blank-filling （每空1分，每空为一或多个单词）
Language is a 1 of 2 3 symbols used for 4 communication.
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Language is used to talk about what happened in the past, what is happening at present, and what will happen in the future. That feature is described as______1_____.
The _______1_____function of language is fulfilled when you use language to express your feelings or attitudes.
If a linguist lays down rules and asks people to speak according to these rules, he or she is considered to be ______1________.
From a psychological point of view, linguistic 1 is the actual realization of the speaker’s knowledge.
Langue and parole is a distinction made by the Swiss linguist F.D. Saussure early this century. Langue refers to 1 and parole refers to 2 .
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A 1 study is concerned with the description of a language as it changes through time.
The defining properties/design features of human languages are 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 .
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______1________language refer to the language which is invented to facilitate international communication.
Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning, rather than by instinct. This defining property of language is called 1 .
In Hallidy’s view, language has three metafunctions, namely, 1 , 2 and 3 .
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The fact that we have alliteration and assonance in poems is probably because of the 1 function of language .
II. Choose the best answer.（每题3分）
Language is ____________.
a. instinctive
b. non-instinctive
c. static
d. genetically transmitted
A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _______.
a. unnatural
b. something to be feared
c. natural
d. abnormal.
Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?
a. bag
b. bang
c. pitter-patter
d. photocopy
The function of the sentence “ Water boils at 100 degree centigrade” is _____________.
a. Interrogative
b. directive
c. informative
d. performative
In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the hose or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?
a. phatic
b. emotive
c. performative
d. recreational
When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or someone that exists here and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost bone or a bone to be lost. This indicates that a dog’s bark does not have the feature of _____.
a. Reference
b. productivity
c. displacement
d. duality
According to Jakobson’s classification of the functions of language, metalingual corresonds to the communication element of ______.
A.context
b.addresser
c.code
d. message
All language users can be the producer and receiver of messages. This feature of language is called______.
A.arbitrariness
b.duality
c.metalingual
d.interchangeability
_______is concerned with the internal structure of words.
a. Morphology
b. Syntax
c. Semantics
d. Phonology
When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the _____function of language.
a. poetic
b. creative
c. phatic
d. metalingual
III. True or false questions（每题3-4分）
Psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics are the branches of macrolinguistics
Language can be used to talk about language itself. This is the metalingual function of language.
Non-arbitrary words make up a large number of percentage of the vocabulary of a language.
Microlinguistics is of interdisciplinary nature.
The sentence “He nice to me” is considered ungrammatical in descriptive linguistics.
Animal communication systems can be used to refer to things that are present or not present.
According to Jakobson, the phatic function of language corresponds to the communication element of addressee.
A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. This statement indicates the feature of duality of language.
The typological classification of language can be conducted at phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic level.
Both Chinese and Esperanto belong to natural language.
Speech is derivative of writing.
Competence refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.
langue differs from parole in that the former is concrete, unstable and the latter is abstract and stable.
A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time is an example of the diachronic study of language.
Language is instrumental, social and conventional.